Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids: From Plant Biology to Agriculture and Neuroscience (2024)

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Volume 154 Issue 2 October 2010
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Richard A. Dixon

Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (R.A.D.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029 (G.M.P.)

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Giulio M. Pasinetti

Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (R.A.D.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029 (G.M.P.)

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Plant Physiology, Volume 154, Issue 2, October 2010, Pages 453–457, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.161430

Published:

06 October 2010

Article history

Received:

17 June 2010

Accepted:

30 June 2010

Published:

06 October 2010

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Flavonoids represent one of the largest and most studied classes of phenylpropanoid-derived plant specialized metabolites, with an estimated 10,000 different members. Structurally, they consist of two main groups, the 2-phenylchromans (the flavonoids, including flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins) and the 3-phenylchromans (the isoflavonoids, including isoflavones, isoflavans, and pterocarpans; Fig. 1A).

Flavonoids act as attractants to pollinators and symbionts, as sunscreens to protect against UV irradiation, as allelochemicals, and as antimicrobial and antiherbivory factors. Their importance in plant biology goes beyond their specific functions within the plant. For example, the early advances in floral genetics were primarily the result of the ease of screening for mutations impacting flavonoid-derived flower colors, and the first demonstration of epigenetic gene silencing in plants was likewise associated with flavonoid biosynthesis (Jorgensen, 1995). Flavonoids have been ascribed positive effects on human and animal health and are central to the current interest in “botanicals” for disease therapy and chemoprevention.

Issue Section:

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT BIOLOGY

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